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References

1   Assal JP, Muhlhauser I, Pernet A, Gfeller R, Jorgens V, Berger M. Patient education as the basis for diabetes care in clinical practice and research. Diabetologia 1985;28:602-13.
     
2   Berger M, Muhlhauser I. Implementation of intensified insulin therapy: a European perspective. Diabet.Med. 1995;12:201-8.
     
3   Muhlhauser I, Jorgens V, Berger M, Graninger W, Gurtler W, Hornke L et al. Bicentric evaluation of a teaching and treatment programme for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients: improvement of metabolic control and other measures of diabetes care for up to 22 months. Diabetologia 1983;25:470-6.
     
4   Muhlhauser I, Bruckner I, Berger M, Cheta D, Jorgens V, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C et al. Evaluation of an intensified insulin treatment and teaching programme as routine management of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The Bucharest-Dusseldorf Study. Diabetologia 1987;30:681-90.
     
5   Starostina EG, Antsiferov M, Galstyan GR, Trautner C, Jorgens V, Bott U et al. Effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis of intensive treatment and teaching programmes for type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in Moscow--blood glucose versus urine glucose self-monitoring. Diabetologia 1994;37:170-6.
     
6   Pieber TR, Brunner GA, Schnedl WJ, Schattenberg S, Kaufmann P, Krejs GJ. Evaluation of a structured outpatient group education program for intensive insulin therapy. Diabetes Care 1995;18:625-30.
     
7   Jorgens V, Grusser M, Bott U, Muhlhauser I, Berger M. Effective and safe translation of intensified insulin therapy to general internal medicine departments [see comments]. Diabetologia 1993;36:99-105.
     
8   Bott S, Bott U, Berger M, Muhlhauser I. Intensified insulin therapy and the risk of severe hypoglycaemia. Diabetologia 1997;40:926-32.
     
9   Muhlhauser I, Overmann H, Bender R, Bott U, Jorgens V, Trautner C et al. Social status and the quality of care for adult people with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus--a population-based study. Diabetologia 1998;41:1139-50.
     
10   Muller UA, Femerling M, Reinauer KM, Risse A, Voss M, Jorgens V et al. Intensified treatment and education of type 1 diabetes as clinical routine. A nationwide quality-circle experience in Germany. ASD (the Working Group on Structured Diabetes Therapy of the German Diabetes Association). Diabetes Care 1999;22 Suppl 2:B29-B34.
     
11   Training in flexible, intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with type 1 diabetes: dose adjustment for normal eating (DAFNE) randomised controlled trial. DAFNE Study Group. BMJ: 2002; 325: 746
     
12   Shearer A, Bagust A, Sanderson D, Heller S, Roberts S. Cost-effectiveness of flexible intensive insulin management to enable dietary freedom in people with Type 1 diabetes in the UK. Diabetic Medicine 2004;21 (5):460-67
     
13   National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Technology Appraisal Guidance 60. Guidance on the use of patient education models for diabetes. April 2003
Available from www.nice.org.uk/cat.asp?c=68326
     
14   The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial Research Group: The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. N. Engl. J. Med. 1993; 329:683-9
     
15   Department of Health. National Service Framework for Diabetes: Delivery Strategy. London, Department of Health 2003
     
16   Speight J and Bradley C. ADDQoL indicates negative impact of diabetes on quality of Life despite high levels of satisfaction with treatment. Diabetologia 43. A225. 2000.