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The DAFNE
project grew out of dissatisfaction with the care and outcomes achieved
for Type 1 diabetes in the UK and poor quality of the research and
evidence on which much current practice is based.
In 1997, 3 diabetes units (Sheffield Teaching Hospitals, Northumbria
Healthcare Trust and Kings College Hospital, London) began to
discuss their own dissatisfaction with current achievements in diabetes
control, the reasons for this and search for evidence on how they
might improve. The outcomes for diabetes in young people and levels
of glycaemic control in the UK were poor when compared with our European
neighbours, in addition the impact of diabetes on quality of life
was substantially negative. [16]
The DCCT [14] in 1993 had
posed a dilemma for UK diabetes teams. It appeared that the long-term
benefits of improved glycaemic control could only be achieved at the
risk of a 3-fold increase in short-term severe hypoglycaemia. Many
clinicians were reluctant to impose this on their patients and many
patients were anxious about the risks.
A review of the effectiveness of educational interventions sponsored
by Diabetes UK concluded that imaginative, non-didactic approaches
to education were most likely to be effective. However
the benefits achieved were small and the overriding message was that
studies were poorly described and thus would be difficult to evaluate
or replicate.
The 3 UK teams were aware of the structured education and training
programmes developed by the late Michael Bergers team at the
WHO Coordinating Centre in Düsseldorf. However, the prevailing
attitude in UK diabetes circles was that these programmes would be
prescriptive and thus unsuitable, unworkable and possibly
harmful and unethical in the UK.
Eight sceptical multidisciplinary diabetes professionals, from the
3 units, and including a German-speaking doctor, made a structured
observational visit to
Düsseldorf in June 1998. They were able to learn about
and question the work of the Unit, and observed an entire 5-day training
programme. They became convinced that the principles and practice
of the Unit and the published evidence were sound, and that the programme
would be suitable for the UK and should be tested.
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